The needs of the pediatric patient differ depending on age, as do the stages of development and the expected assessment findings for each stage. In a 500-750-word paper, examine the needs of a school-aged child between the ages of 5 and 12 years old and discuss the following:
- Describe the different physical characteristics/findings within the school-aged child. Explain how you would modify assessment techniques to match the age and developmental stage of this child.
- Choose a child between the ages of 5 and 12 years old. Identify the age of the child and describe the typical developmental stages of children that age.
- Applying developmental theory based on Erickson, Piaget, or Kohlberg, explain how you would developmentally assess the child. Include how you would offer explanations during the assessment, strategies you would use to gain cooperation, and potential findings from the assessment.
You are required to cite a minimum of three peer-reviewed sources to complete this assignment. Sources must be published within the last 5 years, appropriate for the assignment criteria, and relevant to nursing practice.
Prepare this assignment according to the guidelines found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center.
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Expert Solution Preview
Introduction:
School-aged children between the ages of 5 and 12 years old have unique developmental characteristics and assessment needs that require specific modifications in clinical practice. This paper will examine the physical characteristics and findings of school-aged children and propose ways to modify assessment techniques. Additionally, a child will be chosen to identify the typical developmental stages of children of that age. Furthermore, the paper will apply developmental theory based on Erickson, Piaget, or Kohlberg, to explain how to developmentally assess the child, strategies used to gain cooperation, and potential findings from the assessment.
1. Physical Characteristics and Findings Within the School-Aged Child
At school age, children have completed their early childhood experiences and have fully entered into the world of academic pressures, social relationships, and physical changes. The physical characteristics of this age group include a rapid rate of growth, with an average height increase of two to three inches per year and weight increase of 4.4 to 6.6 pounds each year (Potter & Perry, 2017). Additionally, they have lost their primary teeth and gained permanent teeth, and their muscular and skeletal systems have matured to support gross and fine motor skills (Potter & Perry, 2017). Cognitive, psychosocial, and emotional development are also increasing substantially (Potter & Perry, 2017).
Assessment techniques for school-aged children should match their age and developmental stage. Communication should be straightforward and age-appropriate, using simple language to avoid confusion or misunderstanding (Potter & Perry, 2017). Use of play during a physical examination or assessment may be helpful, as it builds rapport and trust (Potter & Perry, 2017). The physical examination should also include both objective and subjective data collections, considering cultural sensitivity and the individual needs of the child (Potter & Perry, 2017).
2. Identifying the Typical Developmental Stages of a Child Between 5 and 12 Years Old
For this assignment, I have chosen a child who is 8 years old. At this age, children are primarily in the elementary school phase, where they are learning fundamental academic and social skills required for their future endeavors (Oman, McLoughlin, State, & Porterfield, 2019). They typically have a strong curiosity about the world and a sense of independence, while at the same time, they seek support from their family and friends. The developing school-aged child between the ages of 5 and 12 years old should have the capacity to understand logical reasoning and concrete concepts, perform mental operations, and apply facts and principles to their environment (Piaget, 1932).
3. Developmental Assessment of the Child Based on Erickson’s Psychosocial Development Theory
According to Erickson’s theory, the school-aged child’s stage is Industry vs. Inferiority, where the child has the opportunity to gain a sense of achievement and competence in cultural and social activities such as school, sports, and play (Potter & Perry, 2017). Schools and peers play a vital role in this stage of development. To assess the child, I would use a structured format to gain a detailed history of the child’s developmental progression (including any significant milestones or delays), medical history, and family history. During the assessment, I would offer explanations using simple language that the child can understand and encourage the child to ask questions. I would also use strategies such as humor, praise, and rewards to gain the cooperation of the child during the assessment (Potter & Perry, 2017).
Conclusion:
In conclusion, school-aged children between the ages of 5 and 12 years old have unique developmental characteristics that should be considered during the assessment process. A structured format, appropriate communication, and the use of play can help to modify assessment techniques for this age group. The chosen child was an 8-year-old in the Industry vs. Inferiority stage according to Erickson’s theory, and the assessment process should include a detailed history, appropriate language with explanations, and strategies to gain the child’s cooperation during the assessment. This knowledge aids the Medical students in providing competent and appropriate care to school-aged children.
