Unit V Assignment Instructions Paramedics are highly and skillfully trained to handle all types of cardiac emergencies. Early intervention of cardiac events is key for patient survival. Write a paper

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Introduction:

Beta blockers and Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE) inhibitors are two classes of medications that are commonly used to treat patients with cardiovascular diseases. These drugs have different mechanisms of actions and can cause different side effects. In this assignment, I will discuss the pharmacological effects of beta blockers and ACE inhibitors on the cardiovascular system, choose one of these medicines to research and discuss, and address the questions as instructed.

Question 1: How do beta blockers/ACE Inhibitors work on the cardiovascular system?

Beta blockers and ACE inhibitors have different mechanisms of actions on the cardiovascular system. Beta blockers work by blocking the beta-adrenergic receptors in the heart and blood vessels, thereby reducing the heart rate, contractility, and conduction velocity of the heart. This action results in decreased oxygen demand by the heart and reduced blood pressure.

ACE inhibitors, on the other hand, work by inhibiting the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II. Angiotensin II is a potent vasoconstrictor that increases blood pressure and causes remodeling of the blood vessels. By inhibiting this conversion, ACE inhibitors reduce blood pressure and improve the function of the heart and blood vessels.

Question 2: What potential side effects can a patient suffer?

Beta blockers and ACE inhibitors can cause different side effects. The potential side effects of beta blockers include bradycardia, hypotension, dizziness, fatigue, depression, sexual dysfunction, and bronchospasm. Patients with asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) may experience worsened respiratory symptoms when taking beta blockers.

The potential side effects of ACE inhibitors include hypotension, dry cough, hyperkalemia, angioedema, rash, and taste disturbances. Patients with renal artery stenosis or renal impairment should use ACE inhibitors with caution as they may experience acute kidney injury.

Question 3: What are reasons a patient would take one drug over the other?

The choice of beta blockers or ACE inhibitors for a patient depends on the medical condition and patient factors. Beta blockers are typically used to treat hypertension, angina, heart failure, arrhythmias, and migraines. ACE inhibitors are used to treat hypertension, heart failure, and diabetic nephropathy.

The decision to use one drug over the other may also depend on the patient’s medical history, comorbidities, and medication regimen. For example, some patients with asthma or COPD may not tolerate beta blockers, while patients with renal impairment may not tolerate ACE inhibitors.

Question 4: According to your company’s EMS protocols (or a company of your choosing), which of these drugs is carried? Do you know why?

According to my company’s EMS protocols, both beta blockers and ACE inhibitors are carried, but the choice of medication depends on the patient’s medical condition, presenting symptoms, and vital signs. For example, if a patient presents with acute myocardial infarction, beta blockers may be administered to reduce the likelihood of recurrent infarction and ventricular fibrillation. ACE inhibitors may be administered to patients with hypertension or heart failure to reduce blood pressure and improve cardiac function.

In conclusion, beta blockers and ACE inhibitors have different mechanisms of actions, potential side effects, and indications for use. It is important for healthcare providers to understand the pharmacological effects of these medications to select the appropriate treatment for their patients.