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Endocrine System Case Study
Joan Barker, age fifty-six years, comes for a routine physical examination. She states that she has been in perfect health and has no complaints. She has a history of asthma but currently requires no medications of any kind. Her physical examination is completely normal, except for a 2-cm firm, nontender, nonmobile mass in the upper outer quadrant of her left breast. She indicates that she does not perform regular breast self-examination and that she did not know the mass was there. She has no family history of breast cancer and has never been pregnant.
Answer the following questions about Ms. Barker’s condition:
* What term is used to describe the benign condition that may have caused Ms. Barker’s breast mass?
* What is inside the cysts of fibrocystic breast disease?
* Mammography and ultrasonography reveal a solid lesion (not cystic). What is the most common type of breast cancer?
* Biopsy determines that Ms. Barker has invasive carcinoma of the breast. What is the difference between ductal carcinoma in situ and invasive carcinoma of the breast?
* Ms. Barker’s breast cancer has metastasized to her lungs. What is the difference between metastatic lung cancer and primary lung cancer?
Expert Solution Preview
Introduction:
Breast cancer is a common type of cancer found in women worldwide. Early detection and timely treatment can improve the chances of survival. In this case study, we will evaluate the condition of Joan Barker, who presented with a breast mass during her routine physical examination. This paper will answer the provided questions related to her condition.
1. What term is used to describe the benign condition that may have caused Ms. Barker’s breast mass?
The term used to describe the benign condition that may have caused Joan Barker’s breast mass is Fibrocystic Breast Disease. This condition presents as lumpy, tender breasts, and can cause the development of cysts in the breast, which can be felt as a mass or lump. Fibrocystic breast disease is a common condition that affects many women and may increase the risk of breast cancer.
2. What is inside the cysts of fibrocystic breast disease?
The cysts of fibrocystic breast disease contain fluid and may cause breast pain or tenderness. The cysts may be felt as a mass or lump, which can be benign or malignant. The fluid may be clear, bloody, or yellow.
3. Mammography and ultrasonography reveal a solid lesion (not cystic). What is the most common type of breast cancer?
The most common type of breast cancer is invasive ductal carcinoma. It accounts for about 80% of all breast cancer cases in women. Invasive ductal carcinoma starts in the ducts of the breast and spreads to nearby tissue or lymph nodes.
4. Biopsy determines that Ms. Barker has invasive carcinoma of the breast. What is the difference between ductal carcinoma in situ and invasive carcinoma of the breast?
Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) refers to abnormal cells that are confined to the milk ducts of the breast and have not spread outside of the ducts. Invasive carcinoma of the breast (also known as infiltrating carcinoma) is cancer that has spread to surrounding tissues, including the breast tissue, lymph nodes, or other organs. Invasive carcinoma is more dangerous than DCIS because it can spread to other parts of the body.
5. Ms. Barker’s breast cancer has metastasized to her lungs. What is the difference between metastatic lung cancer and primary lung cancer?
Metastatic lung cancer occurs when the cancer cells have spread from another part of the body to the lungs, whereas primary lung cancer originates in the lungs. Metastatic lung cancer is more common than primary lung cancer. The treatment for metastatic lung cancer depends on where the cancer started and how much it has spread. In contrast, the treatment for primary lung cancer depends on the type and stage of cancer.
