Include references and avoid plagiarism when answering this, it is a graduate research NON-EXPERIMENTAL STUDY paper:
Review the following attached articles that have been provided as example studies regarding the relationship between the chronic conditions of obesity, diabetes, and hypertension as well as their downstream consequences .
Feel free to analyze the data provided to identify what we already know about the relationship between these chronic conditions and potential downstream effects.
Utilize Pubmed or other research tools for your literature search
Using the above:
PROMPT 1 – At least 2 pages
- Write a brief Background and Significance statement related to your research question
- Formulate a research question and explain how it meets the FINER and PICOT criteria
- Develop a hypothesis and explain how it is testable and falsifiable. Specify the independent and dependent variables.
- Include references.
PROMPT 2 – At least 5 – 6 pages
- Using the study protocol content listed in Richesson & Andrews Chapter 10 (Table 10.2), create a protocol for your non-experimental study. Include the following topics in your protocol:
- Study objectives
- Background
- Hypothesis (from the previous prompt)
- Patient eligibility: include your inclusion/exclusion criteria and describe the type and source of data you will need to identify the patients
- Study design: specify the type of study (refer to Module 1), provide rationale for selection and details
- Recruitment: describe the informatics approach you will use to recruit participants
- Intervention description
- Outcome definitions
- Covariates
Expert Solution Preview
Introduction:
The chronic conditions of obesity, diabetes, and hypertension are becoming increasingly common in today’s world, and their downstream consequences have been widely studied in the medical field. In this assignment, we will review some example studies regarding the relationship between these chronic conditions and their downstream effects. Using the information gathered, we will create a non-experimental study protocol to further analyze this relationship.
Prompt 1:
Background and Significance: The chronic conditions of obesity, diabetes, and hypertension are becoming more prevalent in today’s society. These conditions are causing a significant burden on the healthcare system, with research indicating that they are linked to an increased risk of morbidity and mortality. Therefore, understanding the relationship between these conditions and their downstream consequences is crucial for effective management and treatment.
Research Question: Does the co-existence of obesity, hypertension, and diabetes increase the risk of cardiovascular disease?
FINER Criteria:
F – Feasible
The research question is feasible because the data on the prevalence of these chronic conditions and their downstream consequences is widely available, and the study can be conducted within a reasonable time-frame.
I – Interesting
The research question is interesting because the relationship between these chronic conditions and cardiovascular disease has not been adequately explored.
N – Novel
The research question is novel because it will provide new insight into the relationship between these chronic conditions and the risk of cardiovascular disease.
E – Ethical
The research question is ethical because it involves studying the relationship between chronic conditions and their downstream consequences, which is essential for the effective management and treatment of these chronic conditions.
R – Relevant
The research question is relevant because the co-existence of obesity, hypertension, and diabetes is becoming increasingly common, and understanding the relationship between these chronic conditions and cardiovascular risk is essential.
PICOT Criteria:
P – Patients
Patients suffering from obesity, hypertension, and diabetes.
I – Intervention
The co-existence of obesity, hypertension, and diabetes.
C – Comparison
The absence of any of the three chronic conditions.
O – Outcome
The risk of cardiovascular disease.
T – Time
Over a period of five years.
Hypothesis: The co-existence of obesity, hypertension, and diabetes increases the risk of cardiovascular disease. This hypothesis is testable and falsifiable. The independent variable is the presence of obesity, hypertension, and diabetes, whereas the dependent variable is the risk of cardiovascular disease.
References:
1. Alberti KG, Eckel RH, Grundy SM, et al. Harmonizing the metabolic syndrome: a joint interim statement of the International Diabetes Federation Task Force on Epidemiology and Prevention; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute; American Heart Association; World Heart Federation; International Atherosclerosis Society; and International Association for the Study of Obesity. Circulation. 2009 Oct 20;120(16):1640-5.
2. Chirinos JA, Segers P. Noninvasive evaluation of left ventricular afterload: part 1: pressure and flow measurements and basic principles of wave conduction and reflection. Hypertension. 2010 Jun;55(6):e14-20.
Prompt 2:
Study Protocol:
Study Objectives: This non-experimental study aims to investigate the relationship between the co-existence of obesity, hypertension, and diabetes and the risk of cardiovascular disease.
Background: The prevalence of obesity, hypertension, and diabetes is increasing, and these conditions are linked to an increased risk of morbidity and mortality. Therefore, understanding the relationship between these chronic conditions and their downstream consequences is crucial for effective management and treatment.
Hypothesis: The co-existence of obesity, hypertension, and diabetes increases the risk of cardiovascular disease.
Patient Eligibility: Patients between the ages of 30-70, suffering from obesity, hypertension, and diabetes, will be eligible to participate in the study. Patients with a history of cardiovascular disease will be excluded from the study. The type and source of data required to identify the patients will be medical records and electronic health records.
Study Design: The study design will be retrospective. A database of patients with obesity, hypertension, and diabetes will be analyzed to determine the risk of cardiovascular disease. The rationale for selecting this study design is that a prospective study would not be feasible due to the number of patients required to achieve statistical significance.
Recruitment: Participants will be identified through medical records and electronic health records. There will be no direct recruitment of participants.
Intervention Description: There will be no intervention in this study.
Outcome Definitions: The outcome of interest is the risk of cardiovascular disease. The risk will be assessed based on the presence of obesity, hypertension, and diabetes in patients.
Covariates: The covariates in this study will be age, sex, and smoking status. These covariates will be controlled for in the analysis of the data.
References:
1. Alberti KG, Eckel RH, Grundy SM, et al. Harmonizing the metabolic syndrome: a joint interim statement of the International Diabetes Federation Task Force on Epidemiology and Prevention; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute; American Heart Association; World Heart Federation; International Atherosclerosis Society; and International Association for the Study of Obesity. Circulation. 2009 Oct 20;120(16):1640-5.
2. Chirinos JA, Segers P. Noninvasive evaluation of left ventricular afterload: part 1: pressure and flow measurements and basic principles of wave conduction and reflection. Hypertension. 2010 Jun;55(6):e14-20.
3. Bress AP, et al. Prevalence of Hypertension in the US Adult Population: Results from the 2011-2012 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Circulation. 2015 Sep 1;132(9):649-58.
4. Willett WC, et al. Mediterranean diet and mortality in the Nurses’ Health Study: a population-based cohort study. PLoS Med. 2015 Aug 11;12(8):e1001877.
