assignment eight

Unless otherwise stated, answer in complete sentences, and be sure to use correct English, spelling, and grammar. Sources must be cited in APA format. Your response should be four (4) double-spaced pages; refer to the “Assignment Format” page located on the Course Home page for specific format requirements.

In Lessons 5 through 8, you learned medical language associated with the urinary, endocrine, ears and eyes, and reproductive systems. You also were introduced to concepts of oncology, radiology, nuclear medicine, and mental health. For this written assignment, the learning objectives from Lessons 5-8 will be applied. Please review the learning objectives for lessons 5-8 prior to beginning work on this assignment.

In a four-page summary, address the following questions.

  • Identify the components and functions of each primary organ or structure in the urinary system and explain the flow of urine from each of the primary organs and structures. What type of conditions can occur if any of the primary organs or structures does not function properly?
  • Explain the role that the organs or structures of the endocrine system play in an individual who has diabetes mellitus.
  • Describe the conditions under which a physician might order a mammogram for a patient other than for a routine examination.
  • Next, select a disease or complication that can occur in any of the organ systems discussed in Lessons 5-8 (urinary, endocrine, ears, eyes, and reproductive systems). Describe the symptoms and diagnostic procedures related to the disease or condition.

Response should be submitted according to APA guidelines with applicable reference page and title page.

Expert Solution Preview

Introduction:

This assignment aims to apply the learning objectives from Lessons 5-8, including medical language associated with the urinary, endocrine, ears and eyes, reproductive systems, oncology, radiology, nuclear medicine, and mental health. As a medical professor, the objective is to test the students’ knowledge of these topics. The following questions must be answered in a four-page summary, including the components and functions of each primary organ or structure in the urinary system, the role that the organs or structures of the endocrine system play in an individual who has diabetes mellitus, the conditions under which a physician might order a mammogram for a patient other than for a routine examination, and a disease or complication that can occur in any of the organ systems discussed in Lessons 5-8, including the symptoms and diagnostic procedures related to the disease or condition.

1. Identify the components and functions of each primary organ or structure in the urinary system and explain the flow of urine from each of the primary organs and structures. What type of conditions can occur if any of the primary organs or structures do not function properly?

The urinary system consists of two kidneys, two ureters, the urinary bladder, and the urethra. The kidneys are the primary organs of the urinary system that filter the blood and remove waste products from the body, such as excess water, salt, and urea. The urine produced by the kidneys passes through the ureters, which are two muscular tubes that connect the kidneys to the urinary bladder. The urinary bladder is where urine is stored until it is released from the body through the urethra, a tube that extends from the bladder to the outside of the body.

If any of the primary organs or structures in the urinary system do not function properly, it can lead to various conditions such as urinary tract infections, kidney stones, urinary incontinence, and kidney failure. For instance, if the urinary bladder does not function properly and cannot hold urine, it may cause urinary incontinence, a condition where the individual may experience sudden and uncontrollable leakage of urine. Similarly, if the kidneys do not function properly, it may lead to kidney failure, which may result in the accumulation of waste products and toxins in the body.

2. Explain the role that the organs or structures of the endocrine system play in an individual who has diabetes mellitus.

The endocrine system consists of several organs and structures, including the pancreas, adrenal glands, thyroid gland, and pituitary gland, that secrete hormones into the bloodstream to regulate various body functions. The pancreas plays a critical role in diabetes mellitus, a metabolic disorder characterized by high blood glucose levels, by secreting insulin, a hormone that regulates glucose levels in the blood.

In individuals with diabetes mellitus, the pancreas either does not produce enough insulin or the body cannot use the insulin produced effectively. This leads to hyperglycemia, a condition where there is too much glucose in the blood. The endocrine system also regulates other physiological functions in individuals with diabetes, such as blood pressure regulation, lipid metabolism, and response to stress.

3. Describe the conditions under which a physician might order a mammogram for a patient other than for a routine examination.

A mammogram is an X-ray procedure that is used to detect breast cancer or other breast abnormalities. A physician might order a mammogram for a patient other than for a routine examination if the patient experiences any breast symptoms such as a lump, pain, or discharge from the nipple. Additionally, if the patient has a family history of breast cancer or a previous personal history of breast cancer, the physician may order a mammogram to screen for any potential abnormalities.

4. Next, select a disease or complication that can occur in any of the organ systems discussed in Lessons 5-8 (urinary, endocrine, ears, eyes, and reproductive systems). Describe the symptoms and diagnostic procedures related to the disease or condition.

One disease that can occur in the urinary system is urinary tract infection (UTI), which affects the bladder, urethra, and kidneys. UTIs are caused by bacterial infections and can lead to symptoms such as frequent urination, burning sensation during urination, and abdominal pain. To diagnose a UTI, a physician may ask the patient about their symptoms and perform a physical examination. Additionally, the physician may order a urine culture to test for the presence of bacteria in the urine.

Conclusion:

In conclusion, the urinary system comprises several primary organs and structures, including the kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra, that play a crucial role in filtering waste products from the body. The endocrine system is responsible for regulating several physiological functions, and any disruption in the system can cause metabolic disorders such as diabetes mellitus. A mammogram is an X-ray procedure used to screen for breast cancer or other abnormalities, and a physician may order a mammogram for a patient if they have symptoms or a history of breast cancer. Lastly, UTIs are bacterial infections that affect the urinary system and can lead to symptoms such as frequent urination and abdominal pain, and diagnostic tests such as a urine culture help in identifying and diagnosing the condition.

Expert Solution Preview

Introduction:

This assignment aims to apply the learning objectives from Lessons 5-8, including medical language associated with the urinary, endocrine, ears and eyes, reproductive systems, oncology, radiology, nuclear medicine, and mental health. The following questions must be answered in a four-page summary, including the components and functions of each primary organ or structure in the urinary system, the role that the organs or structures of the endocrine system play in an individual who has diabetes mellitus, the conditions under which a physician might order a mammogram for a patient other than for a routine examination, and a disease or complication that can occur in any of the organ systems discussed in Lessons 5-8, including the symptoms and diagnostic procedures related to the disease or condition.

1. Identify the components and functions of each primary organ or structure in the urinary system and explain the flow of urine from each of the primary organs and structures. What type of conditions can occur if any of the primary organs or structures do not function properly?

The urinary system consists of two kidneys, two ureters, the urinary bladder, and the urethra. The kidneys are the primary organs of the urinary system that filter the blood and remove waste products from the body, such as excess water, salt, and urea. The urine produced by the kidneys passes through the ureters, which are two muscular tubes that connect the kidneys to the urinary bladder. The urinary bladder is where urine is stored until it is released from the body through the urethra, a tube that extends from the bladder to the outside of the body.

If any of the primary organs or structures in the urinary system do not function properly, it can lead to various conditions such as urinary tract infections, kidney stones, urinary incontinence, and kidney failure. For instance, if the urinary bladder does not function properly and cannot hold urine, it may cause urinary incontinence, a condition where the individual may experience sudden and uncontrollable leakage of urine. Similarly, if the kidneys do not function properly, it may lead to kidney failure, which may result in the accumulation of waste products and toxins in the body.

2. Explain the role that the organs or structures of the endocrine system play in an individual who has diabetes mellitus.

The endocrine system consists of several organs and structures, including the pancreas, adrenal glands, thyroid gland, and pituitary gland, that secrete hormones into the bloodstream to regulate various body functions. The pancreas plays a critical role in diabetes mellitus, a metabolic disorder characterized by high blood glucose levels, by secreting insulin, a hormone that regulates glucose levels in the blood.

In individuals with diabetes mellitus, the pancreas either does not produce enough insulin or the body cannot use the insulin produced effectively. This leads to hyperglycemia, a condition where there is too much glucose in the blood. The endocrine system also regulates other physiological functions in individuals with diabetes, such as blood pressure regulation, lipid metabolism, and response to stress.

3. Describe the conditions under which a physician might order a mammogram for a patient other than for a routine examination.

A mammogram is an X-ray procedure that is used to detect breast cancer or other breast abnormalities. A physician might order a mammogram for a patient other than for a routine examination if the patient experiences any breast symptoms such as a lump, pain, or discharge from the nipple. Additionally, if the patient has a family history of breast cancer or a previous personal history of breast cancer, the physician may order a mammogram to screen for any potential abnormalities.

4. Next, select a disease or complication that can occur in any of the organ systems discussed in Lessons 5-8 (urinary, endocrine, ears, eyes, and reproductive systems). Describe the symptoms and diagnostic procedures related to the disease or condition.

One disease that can occur in the urinary system is urinary tract infection (UTI), which affects the bladder, urethra, and kidneys. UTIs are caused by bacterial infections and can lead to symptoms such as frequent urination, burning sensation during urination, and abdominal pain. To diagnose a UTI, a physician may ask the patient about their symptoms and perform a physical examination. Additionally, the physician may order a urine culture to test for the presence of bacteria in the urine.

Conclusion:

In conclusion, the urinary system comprises several primary organs and structures, including the kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra, that play a crucial role in filtering waste products from the body. The endocrine system is responsible for regulating several physiological functions, and any disruption in the system can cause metabolic disorders such as diabetes mellitus. A mammogram is an X-ray procedure used to screen for breast cancer or other abnormalities, and a physician may order a mammogram for a patient if they have symptoms or a history of breast cancer. Lastly, UTIs are bacterial infections that affect the urinary system and can lead to symptoms such as frequent urination and abdominal pain, and diagnostic tests such as a urine culture help in identifying and diagnosing the condition.

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