My pathogen is Shigella species
My topic is how can phyto-medicine (medicinal plants) become the best treatment against shigellosis. Shigella species is a big attribute to shigellosis & over the century these species has increased there resistance to antibiotic.
I will be providing 5 peer review articles & 4 primary sources. I have went through all peer reviews and
highlighted all important info for the background information within the peer reviews.
I can only upload for four sources. These 4 will be my primary.
Please, keep the format that is specified below.
If any questions message me. I‘ll respond quickly.
This paper must be at least 7 pages, but must not exceed 9 pages in length, excluding the Literature Cited section. (Aim for 8 pages, excluding the Literature Cited section.) The first page must include the Title and Author, plus a Summary of your paper (approximately 300 words). This leaves about 7 pages for the main body of your paper (see below). The paper must be typed in 12-point font, double-spaced, with margins set at 1 inch on all sides of the pages. Please carefully check your word processing program to be sure that additional space is not inserted below each line. All pages must be numbered at the bottom of the page.
About one-third (1-1/2 to 2-1/2 pages) of the main body of your paper (the part after the title page plus summary; approx.7 pages in length) must be devoted to general background information on the pathogen, its properties and transmission, the diseases it causes in humans, major signs and symptoms of these diseases; major virulence factors of the pathogen; treatment of and prevention of these diseases; and whether or not a vaccine is available. If you found a review article on the specific focus of your own writing, you may discuss that article briefly in the initial 2-1/2 pages of your paper to “transition” to your discussion of the specific primary sources you chose. The remaining two-thirds (4-1/2 to 5-1/2 pages) of the main body of the paper must be devoted to your primary sources. Examples of more specific aspects of your topic might include: antibiotic resistance in the particular pathogen; properties/research on a particular virulence factor of the pathogen; progress in development of a vaccine for prevention of diseases due to the pathogen; progress in developing better treatments for a specific disease(s) caused by the pathogen; or recent outbreaks of disease due to the pathogen. There are, of course, many other possibilities.
Papers may not include any direct quotations or any figures or tables from the references. A paper may also not repeat substantial amounts of data from the primary sources. A paper that is constructed from direct quotations does not convey an understanding of the material. No plagiarism.
Expert Solution Preview
Introduction:
Shigellosis is a major public health issue caused by various species of Shigella. Antibiotic resistance has become a significant attribute of Shigella species, and it has increased over the years. In this paper, we will discuss how phyto-medicines can be the best treatment against shigellosis. Phyto-medicines are plant-based medicines that have been used in traditional medicine for centuries. We will discuss the general background information on the pathogen, its properties and transmission, the diseases it causes in humans, major signs and symptoms of these diseases, and treatment of and prevention of these diseases. We will also focus on primary sources that talk about the effectiveness of phyto-medicines in treating shigellosis.
Question 1: What is shigellosis, and how does it affect humans?
Shigellosis is an infectious disease caused by the bacteria of the genus Shigella. It is prevalent in developing countries and is a significant public health issue. Shigellosis is an intestinal infection that affects the human digestive system. It is characterized by symptoms such as diarrhea, fever, abdominal pain, cramps, and dehydration. Shigella species invade the cells lining the colon and cause inflammation and ulceration. The severity of the disease can range from mild to severe, depending on the strain of the bacteria and the immune status of the host.
Question 2: What are some of the major virulence factors of Shigella species?
Shigella species have several virulence factors that contribute to their pathogenicity. The most significant virulence factor is the ability to invade the cells lining the colon. Shigella species use a type III secretion system to inject virulence factors into host cells. These virulence factors alter the host cell’s signaling pathways, leading to bacterial invasion and intracellular survival. Another critical virulence factor is the production of Shiga toxin, which causes damage to the gut lining and can lead to a severe form of shigellosis called hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS).
Question 3: What are some of the current treatments and prevention methods for Shigella infections?
The current treatments for Shigella infections are antibiotics such as fluoroquinolones, cephalosporins, and azithromycin. However, due to the increasing prevalence of antibiotic resistance, alternative treatments such as phyto-medicines are being explored. Prevention methods include good hygiene practices such as washing hands with soap and water, cooking food adequately, and avoiding contact with infected individuals or their feces.
Question 4: How can phyto-medicines be effective in treating shigellosis?
Phyto-medicines have been used in traditional medicine for centuries and have demonstrated efficacy against various infectious diseases. Several plant extracts have shown promising results in treating shigellosis. Phyto-medicines can have broad-spectrum activity against bacterial pathogens and can help overcome the limitations of antibiotic-resistant strains. Additionally, phyto-medicines can have fewer side effects and can be more affordable than conventional antibiotics. However, more research is needed to fully understand the mechanism of action of phyto-medicines and their potential side effects.