Differentiation and Management of Abdomen, Anus/Rectum, and Genitourinary Disorders
Please select a disorder of the GU, abdomen, anus/rectum systems (pelvic inflammatory disease, cervicitis, STDs, UTI, prostatitis, balanitis, urethritis, epididymitis, testicular torsion, hydrocele, epispadias, rectal prolapse, hemorrhoids, GERD, appendicitis, cholecystitis) and answer the following questions:
- What are the presenting symptoms?
- How is it distinguished from other similar disorders (assessment findings, common in particular age/sex or ethnic group, etc.)?
- What is your first intervention?
- How will you confirm the diagnosis?
- What is the appropriate treatment?
- Write a prescription to treat the illness (if applicable or refer to appropriate specialty if needed) that includes (patient name, date, name of drug, dose, and strength, quantity to dispense, directions of how often to take the medicine, and number of refills).
- When will you schedule a follow-up appointment and what is your plan on the follow up visit?
Include at least 3 peer reviewed references
Expert Solution Preview
Introduction:
Abdomen, Anus/Rectum, and Genitourinary disorders can cause discomfort and require medical intervention. As a medical professor, I have been asked to create an assignment for medical college students to learn about the differentiation and management of these disorders. In this assignment, students are expected to select one disorder of the GU, abdomen, anus/rectum systems and answer the questions provided.
Answer:
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)
1. What are the presenting symptoms?
The symptoms of PID include lower abdominal pain, fever, malaise, painful intercourse, vaginal discharge, irregular menstrual bleeding, and painful urination.
2. How is it distinguished from other similar disorders?
PID is commonly seen in sexually active women of reproductive age. Assessment findings include cervical motion tenderness, uterine or adnexal tenderness, and abnormal cervical or vaginal discharge. PID can be differentiated from other disorders, such as endometriosis, ovarian cysts, and ectopic pregnancy, by the presence of these physical exam findings.
3. What is your first intervention?
The first intervention for PID is to start antibiotic therapy to treat the underlying infection. In addition, patients should be advised to avoid sexual intercourse until treatment is completed to avoid further spread of the infection.
4. How will you confirm the diagnosis?
The diagnosis of PID is made based on clinical and laboratory findings. Imaging studies, such as pelvic ultrasound and CT scan, may be helpful in identifying the extent of the infection and ruling out other possible causes of the patient’s symptoms.
5. What is the appropriate treatment?
The appropriate treatment for PID is antibiotic therapy. A combination of intravenous (IV) and oral antibiotics is often used to treat the infection. In addition to antibiotics, pain management and supportive therapy are essential components of the treatment plan.
6. Write a prescription to treat the illness.
Patient Name: Jane Smith
Date: 05/15/2021
Drug: Ceftriaxone and doxycycline
Dose: Ceftriaxone 250 mg intramuscularly once, followed by Doxycycline 100 mg orally twice daily for 14 days
Strength: Ceftriaxone 250 mg/2 mL, Doxycycline 100 mg
Quantity to dispense: 28 tablets
Directions: Take doxycycline twice daily with food
Number of refills: 0
7. When will you schedule a follow-up appointment and what is your plan on the follow-up visit?
A follow-up appointment should be scheduled within 48 to 72 hours after initial treatment to assess the patient’s response to therapy and monitor for any adverse effects. The patient should also be advised to return if her symptoms worsen or new symptoms develop. Long-term follow-up is also recommended to ensure resolution of the infection and to evaluate for any potential complications, such as chronic pelvic pain or infertility.
References:
1. Haggerty CL. Treatment of pelvic inflammatory disease. UpToDate. 2021. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/treatment-of-pelvic-inflammatory-disease.
2. Workowski KA, Bolan GA. Sexually transmitted diseases treatment guidelines, 2015. MMWR Recomm Rep. 2015;64(RR-03):1-137.
3. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. Practice bulletin no. 186: management of pelvic inflammatory disease. Obstet Gynecol. 2017;131(4):e51-e76.
